Izinto zokushintsha izigaba (ama-PCM) zisetshenziswa kakhulu ikakhulukazi ngoba zinikeza izixazululo eziyingqayizivele nezisebenzayo ekulawuleni amandla, ukulawula izinga lokushisa, nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.Ngezansi kunencazelo enemininingwane yezizathu eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa izinto zokushintsha isigaba:
1. Ukugcinwa kwamandla okusebenzayo
Izinto zokushintsha isigaba zingamunca noma zikhulule inani elikhulu lamandla ashisayo phakathi nenqubo yokushintsha kwesigaba.Lesi sici sibenza babe imidiya esebenza kahle yokugcina amandla ashisayo.Isibonelo, uma kunemisebe yelanga eyanele emini, izinto zokushintsha isigaba zingamunca futhi zigcine amandla ashisayo;Ebusuku noma esimweni sezulu esibandayo, lezi zinto zingakhulula amandla okushisa agciniwe ukuze kugcinwe ukufudumala kwemvelo.
2. Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa okuzinzile
Esigabeni soshintsho, izinto zokushintsha isigaba zingamunca noma zikhulule ukushisa cishe kumazinga okushisa angashintshi.Lokhu kwenza ama-PCM afaneleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa okunembile, njengokuthuthwa kwemithi, ukuphathwa okushisayo kwemishini kagesi, nokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwangaphakathi ezakhiweni.Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, izinto zokushintsha isigaba zisiza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lonke.
3. Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla
Emkhakheni wezokwakha, ukuhlanganisa izinto zokushintsha isigaba ezakhiweni zokwakha kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.Lezi zinto zingakwazi ukudonsa ukushisa okweqile phakathi nosuku, ukunciphisa umthwalo ku-air conditioning;Ebusuku, ikhulula ukushisa futhi inciphise isidingo sokushisisa.Lo msebenzi wemvelo wokulawula ukufudumala unciphisa ukuthembela ekushiseni okujwayelekile nokokusebenza kokupholisa, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
4. Ayinandaba nemvelo
Izinto zokushintsha izigaba zakhiwa ikakhulukazi izinto eziphilayo noma usawoti we-inorganic, iningi lawo elinobungani bemvelo futhi lisebenziseka kabusha.Ukusetshenziswa kwama-PCM kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, kube negalelo ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye nokufeza imigomo yentuthuko esimeme.
5. Thuthukisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo nokunethezeka
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokushintsha isigaba emikhiqizweni yabathengi njengezingubo, omatilasi, noma ifenisha kunganikeza ukunethezeka okwengeziwe.Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa ama-PCM ezingutsheni kungalawula ukushisa ngokuvumelana nezinguquko ekushiseni komzimba, ukugcina izinga lokushisa elikhululekile kumuntu ogqokile.Ukuyisebenzisa kumatilasi kunganikeza izinga lokushisa elingcono kakhulu lokulala ebusuku.
6. Ukuvumelana nezimo nokuvumelana nezimo
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushintsha isigaba zingaklanywa ngezimo nosayizi abahlukene ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zohlelo.Zingenziwa zibe yizinhlayiya, amafilimu, noma zihlanganiswe kwezinye izinto ezifana nokhonkolo noma ipulasitiki, zinikeze izinga eliphezulu lokuguquguquka nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuze zisetshenziswe.
7. Ukwenza ngcono izinzuzo zezomnotho
Nakuba ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala ezintweni zokushintsha kwesigaba kungase kube phezulu, izinzuzo zazo zesikhathi eside ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kwamandla nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza zibalulekile.Ngokunciphisa ukuthembela emandleni endabuko, izinto zokushintsha isigaba zingasiza ukunciphisa izindleko zamandla futhi zinikeze izinzuzo zezomnotho.
Kafushane, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokushintsha isigaba kunganikeza izixazululo ezisebenzayo zokuphatha okushisayo, kuthuthukise ukusebenza komkhiqizo nokunethezeka, futhi kusize ukukhuthaza intuthuko esimeme.
Izigaba eziningana ezinkulu kanye nezici zazo ezihlukene zezinto zokushintsha kwesigaba
Izinto zokushintsha isigaba (ama-PCM) zingahlukaniswa zibe izigaba eziningana ngokusekelwe ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali azo kanye nezici zokushintsha kwesigaba, ngayinye enezinzuzo nemikhawulo ethile yohlelo lokusebenza.Lezi zinto zibandakanya ikakhulukazi ama-PCM aphilayo, ama-PCM angaphili, ama-PCM asuselwa ku-bio, nama-PCM ayinhlanganisela.Ngezansi yisingeniso esinemininingwane yezimpawu zohlobo ngalunye lwezinto ezishintsha isigaba:
1. Izinto zokushintsha isigaba se-Organic
Izinto zokushintsha isigaba se-organic zihlanganisa ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezimbili: upharafini nama-fatty acids.
- Upharafini:
-Izici: Ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali okuphezulu, ukusebenziseka kabusha okuhle, nokulungiswa kalula kwendawo encibilikayo ngokushintsha ubude bamaketanga wamangqamuzana.
-I-Disadvantage: I-conductivity eshisayo iphansi, futhi kungase kudingeke ukwengeza izinto zokuhambisa ezishisayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivinini sokuphendula esishisayo.
- Amafutha acid:
-Izici: Inokushisa okucashile okuphakeme kunopharafini kanye nendawo ebanzi yokuncibilika, ifanele izidingo ezihlukahlukene zokushisa.
-Okubi: Amanye ama-acids anamafutha angase ahlukaniswe ngezigaba futhi abiza kakhulu kunopharafini.
2. Izinto zokushintsha isigaba sezinto ezingaphili
Izinto zokushintsha isigaba sezinto ezingaphili zihlanganisa izixazululo ezinosawoti kanye nosawoti wensimbi.
-Isixazululo samanzi anosawoti:
-Izici: Ukuzinza okuhle kokushisa, ukushisa okucashile okuphezulu, nezindleko eziphansi.
-Ukungalungi: Ngesikhathi sokuqhwa, i-delamination ingase ivele futhi idle, idinga izinto zesitsha.
-Metal usawoti:
-Izici: Izinga lokushisa lokushintsha kwesigaba esiphezulu, lilungele ukugcina amandla okushisa aphezulu.
-Ukungalungi: Kukhona nezinkinga zokugqwala futhi ukuwohloka kokusebenza kungenzeka ngenxa yokuncibilika okuphindaphindiwe nokuqina.
3. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushintsha isigaba sezinto eziphilayo
Izinto zokushintsha isigaba se-Biobased zingama-PCM akhishwe emvelweni noma ahlanganiswe nge-biotechnology.
-Izici:
-Inobungani nemvelo, iyabola, ayinazo izinto eziyingozi, ehlangabezana nezidingo zentuthuko esimeme.
-Ingakhishwa ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zezitshalo noma zezilwane, njengamafutha emifino namafutha ezilwane.
-Ukubi:
-Kungase kube nezinkinga ngezindleko eziphezulu kanye nokulinganiselwa komthombo.
-Ukuzinza kwe-thermal kanye ne-thermal conductivity kuphansi kune-PCM yendabuko, futhi kungadinga ukuguqulwa noma ukusekelwa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe.
4. Izinto zokushintsha isigaba esiyinhlanganisela
Izinto zokushintsha isigaba esihlanganisiwe zihlanganisa ama-PCM nezinye izinto (njengezinto ezishisayo ezishisayo, izinto zokusekela, njll.) ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo ezithile zama-PCM akhona.
-Izici:
-Ngokuhlanganisa nezinto eziphezulu ze-thermal conductivity, isivinini sokuphendula esishisayo kanye nokuzinza kokushisa kungathuthukiswa kakhulu.
-Ukwenza ngokwezifiso kungenziwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza, njengokuthuthukisa amandla emishini noma ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwe-thermal.
-Ukubi:
-Inqubo yokulungiselela ingase ibe yinkimbinkimbi futhi ibize.
-Kudingeka izindlela eziqondile zokuqhathanisa nezokucutshungulwa kwempahla.
Lezi zinto zokushintsha kwesigaba ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo ezihlukile kanye nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza.Ukukhethwa kohlobo olufanele lwe-PCM ngokuvamile kuncike ezidingweni ezithile zokushisa zohlelo lokusebenza, isabelomali sezindleko, ukucatshangelwa komthelela wendawo, nempilo yesevisi elindelekile.Ngokujula kocwaningo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokushintsha isigaba
Ububanzi besicelo kulindeleke ukuthi buqhubeke nokunwetshwa, ikakhulukazi ekugcinweni kwamandla nasekulawuleni izinga lokushisa.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinto eziguqukayo zesigaba sezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinto zokushintsha kwesigaba esingapheli?
I-Organic Phase Change Materials, ama-PCM kanye Nezinto Zokushintsha Kwesigaba Sezinto Ezingaphili kokubili ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa ukugcinwa kwamandla nokulawula izinga lokushisa, obumunca noma obukhulula ukushisa ngokuguqula phakathi kwezimo eziqinile neziwuketshezi.Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezinto ngayinye inezici zayo kanye nezindawo ezisetshenziswayo, futhi okulandelayo eminye umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo:
1. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:
-Izinto zokushintsha isigaba sezinto eziphilayo: ikakhulukazi ezihlanganisa upharafini nama-fatty acids.Lezi zinto ngokuvamile zinokuzinza okuhle kwamakhemikhali futhi ngeke zibole phakathi nezinqubo zokuncibilika nokuqiniswa.
-Izinto zokushintsha isigaba sezinto ezingaphili: okuhlanganisa izixazululo ezinosawoti, izinsimbi, nosawoti.Lolu hlobo lwempahla lunenqwaba yamaphuzu ancibilikayo, futhi indawo encibilikayo efanelekile ingakhethwa ngokwezidingo.
2. Ukusebenza okushisayo:
-Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushintsha isigaba se-Organic: ngokuvamile ziba ne-thermal conductivity ephansi, kodwa ukushisa okucashile okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokuncibilika nokuqiniswa, okusho ukuthi zingakwazi ukumunca noma ukukhulula inani elikhulu lokushisa ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwesigaba.
-Izinto zokushintsha isigaba sezinto ezingaphili: Ngokuphambene, lezi zinto ngokuvamile zinokusebenza okushisayo okuphezulu, okuvumela ukudluliswa kokushisa okusheshayo, kodwa ukushisa kwazo okucashile kungase kube phansi kunezinto eziphilayo.
3. Ukuzinza komjikelezo:
-Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushintsha isigaba sezinto eziphilayo: zibe nokuzinza okuhle kokuhamba ngebhayisikili futhi zingamelana nezinqubo eziningi zokuncibilika nokuqiniswa ngaphandle kokuwohloka okukhulu noma ushintsho ekusebenzeni.
-Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushintsha isigaba sezinto ezingaphili: zingabonisa ukubola okuthile noma ukuwohloka kokusebenza ngemva kwemijikelezo eminingi yokushisa, ikakhulukazi lezo zinto ezijwayele ukucwebezela.
4. Izindleko nokutholakala:
-Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushintsha isigaba sezinto eziphilayo: Ngokuvamile ziyabiza, kodwa ngenxa yokuzinza nokusebenza kahle kwazo, izindleko zazo zokusebenzisa isikhathi eside zingase zibe phansi uma kuqhathaniswa.
-Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushintsha isigaba sezinto ezingaphili: Lezi zinto ngokuvamile zinezindleko eziphansi futhi kulula ukuzikhiqiza ngezinga elikhulu, kodwa zingadinga ukushintshwa noma ukunakekelwa okuphindaphindiwe.
5. Izindawo zokufaka izicelo:
-Izinto ezishintshayo zesigaba sezinto eziphilayo: Ngenxa yokuqina kwazo kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zamakhemikhali, zivame ukusetshenziswa ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa lezakhiwo, izingubo, izingubo zokulala, neminye imikhakha.
-Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushintsha isigaba se-Inorganic: ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini ezifana nesitoreji samandla ashisayo kanye nezinhlelo zokuthola ukushisa okulahlwayo, ezingasebenzisa ukuguquguquka kwazo okuphezulu kwe-thermal kanye nebanga lendawo yokuncibilika.
Kafushane, lapho ukhetha izinto zokushintsha isigaba sezinto eziphilayo noma ezingaphili, izici ezifana nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza, isabelomali, nokusebenza okushisayo okulindelekile kufanele kucatshangelwe.Impahla ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo eziyingqayizivele kanye nemikhawulo, ifanele izimo ezihlukene zohlelo lokusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-28-2024