Esikhathini esidlule, i-ikhambi lezokuthutha ezibandayoikakhulukazi abathintekayo ukusebenzisa amaloli esiqandisini ukuthutha imikhiqizo isuka kwenye indawo iye kwenye.Ngokuvamile, lawa maloli ayethwala ubuncane bempahla engu-500 kg ukuya kuthani elingu-1 futhi azihambise ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene phakathi kwedolobha noma izwe.
Kodwa-ke, isimo sezentengiselwano esishintshayo, okuhlanganisa nokukhuphuka kweziteshi eziqonde ngqo kubathengi, ukukhula kwe-e-commerce, kanye nesidingo esikhulayo se-niche nemikhiqizo ekhethekile, kudinga izindlela ezintsha nezindlela ezintsha zokuhlangabezana nalezi zinselelo.Lokhu kunikeza ithuba elithakazelisayo kokubili izinhlobo ezinkulu nezincane, kanye nesethi entsha yezinketho zabathengi.Noma kunjalo, la mathuba okukhula aphinde alethe izinselele ezinkulu zokusebenza kanye ne-supply chain, okudinga ukubhekwa kwezixazululo ezintsha.
Ukucabanga kabusha okubalulekile okubalulekile kuye kwadingeka kuuchungechunge olubandayo lokuhlinzeka, enezixazululo ezisekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-PCM ezinikeza amandla okuphazamisa imboni yezokuthutha eqhutshwa yimpahla, eyayiklanyelwe izwe laseNtshonalanga ngengqalasizinda yayo ehlukile yezindawo zabantu kanye nezitolo.Ukuvela kohwebo olusha akudingi nje kuphela izindlela ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kodwa futhi kukhuthaza uhwebo lwendabuko ukuthi luthuthuke ngokuhambisana.Isibonelo, abathengisi abaningi abahlelekile baphishekela ukusungulwa kwezitolo ezimnyama ukuze bathuthukise ukufinyeleleka kwabo futhi banciphise izikhathi zokulethwa.Ukwengeza, kunentshisekelo ekhulayo phakathi kwemikhiqizo ekusunguleni iketango elibandayo lomsabalalisi-kuya-kirana/isitolo sokudayisa lisebenzisa lezi zixazululo eziqondile.
Ngokwesiko, uchungechunge olubandayo lubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwamaloli afakwe esiqandisini ukuthutha imikhiqizo isuka endaweni eyodwa iye kwenye, ngokuvamile ecosha ubuncane bempahla engu-500 kg ukuya kuthani elingu-1 futhi azihambise ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene phakathi kwedolobha noma izwe.Kodwa-ke, inselele ebangelwe ukuhweba okusha ilele kusayizi wephakheji kanye neqiniso lokuthi kungaba ukuphela kwephakheji yamaketanga abandayo phakathi kwamaphakheji amaningi atholakalayo asatshalaliswa.Ngenxa yalokho, ezivamileubuchwepheshe be-cold chainyamaloli e-reefer ayifanele lezi zimo.Kunalokho, sidinga isixazululo yilesi:
- Izimele efomini lemoto (elifana nebhayisikili, i-3-wheeler, noma i-4-wheeler) nosayizi wephakheji
- Iyakwazi ukugcina izinga lokushisa ngaphandle kokuxhuma emthonjeni wamandla
- Iyakwazi ukugcina izinga lokushisa kusuka ehoreni eli-1 (hyperlocal) kuye kwamahora angama-48 (i-intercity courier)
Kulo mongo, izixazululo ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokushintsha kwesigaba noma "amabhethri ashisayo" zithole ukuduma okubalulekile.Lawa ngamakhemikhali anjiniyela anamaphuzu athile okuqandisa nokuncibilika, asukela ku +18°C ukuze asetshenziswe noshokoledi kuya ku-25°C ukuze asetshenziswe no-ayisikhilimu.Ngokungafani nama-glycols asetshenziswe ngaphambilini, lezi zinto zenzelwe ukuthi zingabi nobuthi futhi zingashi, zizenze zilungele ukupakishwa eceleni kwemikhiqizo yokudla.Ngokuvamile avalelwe esikhwameni sepulasitiki noma ebhodleleni (elifana nephakethe lejeli) futhi afakwe efrijini amahora ambalwa.Uma seziqandisiwe, zingafakwa ngaphakathi kwesikhwama esivalekile noma ibhokisi ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa isikhathi esifiselekayo.
Ngokungafani nezinketho zangaphambilini ezifana namaphakethe wejeli kanye neqhwa elomile, lezi zixazululo zinikeza ukulawula okunembile kwezinga lokushisa, okuzenza ziphumelele kakhulu ngisho nangaphezu kweloli le-reefer yokusabalalisa imvamisa ephezulu.Ukwengeza, amazinga okushisa ahlukene angagcinwa ngaphakathi kwesiqukathi esifanayo ngokusebenzisa amaphakethe e-PCM ahlukene noma amakhatriji, kuye ngomkhiqizo othize olethwayo.Lokhu kunikeza ukuguquguquka kokusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwempahla okuphezulu ngaphandle kokuthembela ezimpahleni ezizinikele njengamaloli e-reefer.Lezi zixazululo, ezaziwa nangokuthi izixazululo ze-passive cooled logistics, azidingi neze ukulungiswa.Ibhokisi noma isikhwama asinazo izingxenye ezihambayo, okunciphisa ubungozi bokulimala nesikhathi sokuphumula.Lawa mayunithi angaba ngosayizi ukusuka kumalitha angu-2 yonke indlela kuze kufike kumalitha angu-2000, anikeze abasebenzisi ukuguquguquka ngosayizi.
Ngokombono wezomnotho, izindleko ezinkulu (i-capex) kanye nezindleko zokusebenza (i-opex) zalezi zixazululo ziphansi ngo-50% uma kuqhathaniswa neloli eliqandisiwe.Ukwengeza, izindleko zenziwa kuphela ngenani elithile lendawo esetshenzisiwe, esikhundleni semoto yonke.Lezi zici zinikeza inzuzo yezomnotho engenakuqhathaniswa, iqinisekisa ukulethwa kwekhasimende ngendlela eyongayo ngaso sonke isikhathi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zixazululo ziqeda ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, eziye zanikeza amandla uchungechunge olubandayo, okuzenza zingagcini nje ngokusebenza ngokwezomnotho kodwa futhi zisimeme imvelo.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi naphezu kwemizamo eminingi, izinkampani eziningi zendabuko zochungechunge olubandayo ziye zazabalaza ukulungisa ukusebenza kwazo ukuze zinikeze lezi zinsizakalo.Ngikholwa ukuthi izicelo ezinjalo, kokubili ingqalasizinda kanye nengqondo kudingeka kuhluke kakhulu emisebenzini evamile yamaketanga abandayo, agxile ekugcinweni kwempahla nasekuthungeni amaloli.Ngaleso sikhathi, abathengisi be-e-commerce abajwayelekile kanye nezinkampani zokulethwa kwebanga lokugcina bayathandaHUIZHOUbangenelele ukuvala lesi sikhala.Lezi zixazululo zihambisana kahle namamodeli azo futhi zibanikeze inzuzo ngaphezu kwabadlali beketango ababandayo bendabuko.Njengoba lo mkhakha uthuthuka, kusobala ukuthi ikhono lokuzijwayeza nobuchwepheshe obusha kanye nokuqanjwa okusha kuzonquma abawinile embonini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-08-2024