Selokhu kwethulwa ubuchwepheshe beziqandisi ngeminyaka yawo-1920, iJapan yenze igxathu elibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwamaketanga abandayo. Ngawo-1950 kwaba nokwanda kwesidingo ngokukhula kwemakethe yokudla eseyakhiwe ngaphambili. Ngo-1964, uhulumeni waseJapane wasebenzisa i-“Cold Chain Plan,” engenisa inkathi entsha yokusabalalisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi. Phakathi kuka-1950 no-1970, amandla okugcina abandayo eJapan akhula ngesilinganiso samathani ayi-140,000 ngonyaka, akhuphukela kumathani angama-410,000 ngonyaka ngeminyaka yawo-1970. Ngo-1980, umthamo usufinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingu-7.54, okugcizelela ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwemboni.
Kusukela ngo-2000 kuqhubeke, i-cold chain logistics yase-Japan yangena esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngokusho kwe-Global Cold Chain Alliance, amandla okugcina abandayo e-Japan afinyelele ku-39.26 million cubic metres ngo-2020, ikleliswe endaweni ye-10 emhlabeni jikelele ngomthamo we-capita ngayinye ongu-0.339 cubic metres. Ngo-95% wemikhiqizo yezolimo ethuthwa ngaphansi kwesiqandisi kanye nezinga lokonakala elingaphansi kuka-5%, i-Japan isungule uhlelo oluqinile lwamaketanga abandayo olusukela ekukhiqizweni kuya ekusetshenzisweni.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Ezisemuva Kwempumelelo Yochungechunge Olubandayo lwaseJapan
I-cold chain logistics yase-Japan ihamba kahle ezindaweni ezintathu ezibalulekile: ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe beketango elibandayo, ukuphatha okucolisisiwe kwesitoreji esibandayo, kanye nolwazi olusabalele lokuhamba.
1. I-Advanced Cold Chain Technology
I-Cold chain logistics incike kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bokuqandisa obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokupakisha:
- Ezokuthutha kanye Nokupakishwa: Izinkampani zaseJapan zisebenzisa amaloli afakwe esiqandisini nezimoto ezivalekile eziklanyelwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpahla. Amaloli afakwe esiqandisini afaka ama-rack avaleleke nezinhlelo zokupholisa ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elinembile, ngokuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela ngamarekhodi angaphakathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimoto ezivalekile zithembele kuphela emizimbeni eyakhiwe ngokukhethekile ukuze zigcine izinga lokushisa eliphansi ngaphandle kokupholisa ngomshini.
- Imikhuba Esimeme: Ngemva kuka-2020, i-Japan yamukela amasistimu wesiqandisi se-ammonia ne-ammonia-CO2 ukuze kuqedwe iziqandisi eziyingozi. Ukwengeza, izinto zokupakisha ezithuthukisiwe zisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukulimala ngesikhathi sokuthutha, okuhlanganisa ukupakishwa okuvikelekile kwezithelo ezithambile njengama-cherries nama-strawberries. I-Japan iphinde isebenzise iziqukathi ezisebenziseka kabusha ukuze kukhuliswe ukusebenza kahle kwezokuthutha nokunciphisa izindleko.
2. Ukuphathwa Kwesitoreji Esicwengiwe Okubandayo
Izindawo zokugcina ezibandayo zase-Japan zikhethekile kakhulu, zihlukaniswa ngamaleveli ayisikhombisa (C3 kuya ku-F4) ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa nezidingo zomkhiqizo. Izikhungo ezingaphezu kuka-85% ziku-F-leveli (-20°C nangaphansi), iningi liyi-F1 (-20°C kuya ku-10°C).
- Ukusetshenziswa Okuphumelelayo Kwesikhala: Ngenxa yokutholakala komhlaba okulinganiselwe, izindawo zokugcina ezibandayo zase-Japan ngokuvamile zinezinga eliphezulu, ezinezizoni zokushisa ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ezisuselwe ezidingweni zeklayenti.
- Imisebenzi Elula: Isitoreji esizenzakalelayo nezinhlelo zokubuyisa zithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, kuyilapho ukuphathwa kwamaketanga abandayo angenamthungo kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuphazamiseka kwezinga lokushisa phakathi nokulayisha nokuthulula.
3. Logistics Informatization
I-Japan itshale kakhulu ekufundiseni izinto ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokwengamela.
- I-Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)amasistimu enza lula ukucutshungulwa kolwazi, athuthukise ukunemba kwe-oda futhi asheshise ukugeleza kokwenziwe.
- Ukuqapha Isikhathi Sangempela: Izimoto ezifakwe i-GPS namadivayisi okuxhumana zivumela umzila olungiselelwe kanye nokulandelelwa okuningiliziwe kokudiliva, okuqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokuziphendulela nokusebenza kahle.
Isiphetho
Imboni ethuthukayo yezokudla kwase-Japan ikweleta ingxenye enkulu yempumelelo yayo ngenxa yezinhlelo zezwe ezithuthukisiwe zochungechunge olubandayo. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, izinqubo zokuphatha ezicolisisiwe, kanye nolwazi oluqinile, i-Japan iye yasungula uhlelo olubanzi lwamaketanga abandayo. Njengoba isidingo sokudla osekulungele ukudliwa siqhubeka sikhula, uchwepheshe baseJapan banikeza izifundo ezibalulekile kwezinye izimakethe.
https://www.jpfood.jp/zh-cn/industry-news/2024/11/05.html
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-18-2024