01 Ukudla Okusekupakishwe Ngaphambilini: Ukwenyuka Okungazelelwe Kwedumela
Muva nje, isihloko sokudla okuphekiwe kungena ezikoleni sesiyadlondlobala, okwenza kwaba ngundabuzekwayo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana.Lokhu kususe omkhulu umsindo njengoba iningi labazali belingabaza ukuphepha kokudla osekupakiwe ezikoleni.Ukukhathazeka kuvela ngenxa yokuthi izingane zisesigabeni sokukhula esibalulekile, futhi noma yiziphi izinkinga zokuphepha kokudla zingakhathaza kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezindaba ezingokoqobo okufanele zicatshangelwe.Izikole eziningi zikuthola kunzima ukusebenzisa izindawo zokudlela ngendlela efanele futhi ngokuvamile zinikeza izinkampani eziletha ukudla.Lezi zinkampani ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amakhishi amaphakathi ukulungiselela nokuletha ukudla ngosuku olufanayo.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokucatshangelwa njengezindleko, ukunambitheka okungaguquguquki, kanye nesivinini sesevisi, ezinye izinkampani zokuletha ukudla eziphuma ngaphandle seziqalile ukusebenzisa ukudla osekupakishwe ngaphambili.
Abazali banomuzwa wokuthi ilungelo labo lokwazi liphuliwe, njengoba bebengazi ukuthi izingane zabo bezidla ukudla osekupakiwe isikhathi eside.Ama-Cafeteria aphikisa ngokuthi azikho izinkinga zokuphepha ngokudla osekupakishwe ngaphambili, ngakho kungani kungenakudliwa?
Ngokungalindelekile, ukudla osekupakiwe sekuphinde kwafaka ukuqwashisa umphakathi ngale ndlela.
Empeleni, ukudla osekupakishwe kuqala sekuqala ukuduma kusukela ngonyaka odlule.Ekuqaleni kuka-2022, izitoko ezimbalwa zomqondo wokudla okupakishwe kusengaphambili zabona amanani azo efinyelela imikhawulo elandelanayo.Nakuba kube nokuhlehla kancane, isikali sokudla okupakishwe kusengaphambili kuyo yomibili imikhakha yezokudla neyokudayisa siye sanda ngokusobala.Ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwalolu bhubhane, amasheya okudla okupakishwe ngaphambilini aqala ukukhuphuka futhi ngoMashi 2022. Ngo-Ephreli 18, 2022, izinkampani ezifana neFucheng Shares, Delisi, Xiantan Shares, kanye neZhongbai Group zabona amanani azo entengo efinyelela umkhawulo, kuyilapho uFuling Zhacai kanye I-Zhangzi Island ibone izinzuzo ezingaphezu kuka-7% no-6%, ngokulandelana.
Ukudla okupakishwe kusengaphambili kuhambisana “nomnotho ovilaphayo,” “umnotho wokuhlala ekhaya,” kanye “nomnotho ongashadile.”Lokhu kudla kwenziwa ngokuyinhloko ngemikhiqizo yezolimo, imfuyo, izinkukhu, nezilwane zasolwandle, futhi kungena izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zokucubungula ezifana nokugeza, ukusika, kanye nezinongo ngaphambi kokuba ulungele ukukupheka noma ukudliwa ngokuqondile.
Ngokusekelwe ekucutshungulweni kalula noma ukusebenziseka kalula kwabathengi, ukudla osekupakiwe kungahlukaniswa kube ukudla osekulungele ukudliwa, ukudla osekulungele ukushiswa, ukudla osekulungele ukuphekwa, nokudla osekulungele ukuphekwa.Ukudla okuvamile osekulungele ukudliwa kuhlanganisa i-Eight-Treasure Congee, inyama yenkomo, kanye nezimpahla ezisemathinini ezingadliwa ngaphandle kwephakeji.Ukudla okulungele ukushisa kufaka phakathi amadombolo aqandisiwe namabhodwe ashisayo azifudumeza wona.Ukudla osekulungele ukuphekwa, njengesiteki esiqandisiwe nenyama yengulube, kudinga ukuphekwa.Ukudla osekulungele ukulungiselwa kufaka phakathi izithako ezisikiwe ezitholakala ezinkundleni ezifana ne-Hema Fresh ne-Dingdong Maicai.
Lokhu kudla okupakishwe kusengaphambili kuyafaneleka, kwahlukaniswa ngokufanelekile, futhi kudumile ngokwemvelo phakathi kwabantu “abavilaphayo” noma abantu abangabodwa.Ngo-2021, imakethe yokudla kwaseChina okupakishwe kusengaphambili yafinyelela ku-RMB eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-345.9, futhi phakathi neminyaka emihlanu ezayo, kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele usayizi wemakethe ye-RMB eyizigidigidi.
Ngaphezu kokuphela kwezitolo, umkhakha wezokudla nawo “uthanda” ukudla osekupakiwe, okubalelwa ku-80% wesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwemakethe.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukudla okupakishwe kusengaphambili, okucutshungulwa emakhishini amaphakathi futhi kulethwa ezitolo eziwuchungechunge, kunikeza isixazululo senselele esinesikhathi eside yokumisa ukudla kwaseShayina.Njengoba zivela emgqeni wokukhiqiza ofanayo, ukunambitheka kuyahambisana.
Ngaphambilini, amaketanga ezindawo zokudlela abenenkinga yokunambitheka okungahambisani, ngokuvamile kuncike kumakhono abapheki ngabanye.Manje, ngokudla okupakishwe ngaphambilini, ama-flavour amisiwe, anciphisa ithonya labapheki futhi abaguqule babe abasebenzi abavamile.
Izinzuzo zokudla okupakishwe kusengaphambili ziyabonakala, okuholela ezitolo zokudlela ezinkulu ukuthi zikuthathe ngokushesha.Amaketanga afana ne-Xibei, i-Meizhou Dongpo, ne-Haidilao wonke ahlanganise ukudla okupakishwe ngaphambilini eminikelweni yawo.
Ngokukhula kokuthengwa kweqembu kanye nemakethe ye-takeway, ukudla okuningi okupakishwe ngaphambilini kungena embonini yokudlela, ekugcineni kufinyelela kubathengi.
Ngamafuphi, ukudla okupakishwe ngaphambilini kufakazele ukuthi kulula futhi kukhula.Njengoba imboni yokudlela iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ukudla okupakishwe kusengaphambili kusebenza njengesixazululo esingabizi kakhulu, sokugcina ikhwalithi.
02 Ukudla Okusele Kupakishwe: Kusese-Blue Ocean
Uma kuqhathaniswa nelase-Japan, lapho ukudla okulungiselelwe kusengaphambili kubalelwa ku-60% wokudla okuphelele okusetshenziswayo, isilinganiso saseShayina singaphansi kuka-10%.Ngo-2021, ukusetshenziswa kwe-China ngomuntu ngamunye kokudla okupakishwe ngaphambilini kwaba ngu-8.9 kg/ngonyaka, ngaphansi kuka-40% waseJapan.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ngo-2020, izinkampani eziyishumi ezihamba phambili embonini yokudla okupakishwe ngaphambilini yaseChina zazibalelwa ku-14.23% kuphela wemakethe, nezinkampani ezihamba phambili ezifana ne-Lvjin Food, i-Anjoy Foods, kanye ne-Weizhixiang ephethe amasheya emakethe angu-2.4%, 1.9%, kanye no-1.8%. %, ngokulandelana.Ngokuphambene, imboni yezokudla epakishwe ngaphambilini yaseJapan ithole isabelo semakethe esingu-64.04% ezinkampanini ezinhlanu eziphambili ngo-2020.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nelase-Japan, imboni yokudla yase-China okupakishwe kusengaphambili isakhula, inezithiyo eziphansi zokungena kanye nokugxila ezimakethe eziphansi.
Njengomkhuba omusha wokusetshenziswa eminyakeni yamuva nje, imakethe yasekhaya yokudla okupakishwe kusengaphambili kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele isigidintathu se-RMB.Ukugxila embonini ephansi kanye nezithiyo eziphansi zezimakethe kuhehe amabhizinisi amaningi ukuthi angene emkhakheni wokudla osekupakishwe kusengaphambili.
Kusukela ngo-2012 kuya ku-2020, isibalo sezinkampani ezihlobene nokudla osekupakiwe e-China sikhule sisuka ngaphansi kwezi-3,000 saya cishe ku-13,000, ngezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka elicishe libe ngama-21%.Kusukela ekupheleni kukaJanuwari 2022, inani lezinkampani zokudla okupakishwe kusengaphambili eChina lase lisondele ku-70,000, okubonisa ukwanda okusheshayo eminyakeni yamuva.
Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zabadlali kuthrekhi yasekhaya epakishwe kusengaphambili.
Okokuqala, izinkampani zezolimo nezasemanzini, ezixhumanisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezikhuphuka nomfula ekudleni osekupakishwe ngaphambili.Izibonelo zifaka izinkampani ezisohlwini ezifana ne-Shengnong Development, i-Guolian Aquatic, ne-Longda Food.
Lezi zinkampani zokudla osekupakishiwe zihlanganisa imikhiqizo yenkukhu, inyama egayiwe, ilayisi nama-noodle, kanye nemikhiqizo yesinkwa.Izinkampani ezifana ne-Shengnong Development, i-Chunxue Foods, ne-Guolian Aquatic azigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa imakethe yasekhaya yokudla okupakishwe ngaphambilini kodwa futhi zikuthumela phesheya kwezilwandle.
Uhlobo lwesibili luhlanganisa izinkampani zokudla okukhethekile okupakishwe ngaphambilini ezigxile ekukhiqizeni, njenge-Weizhixiang ne-Gaishi Foods.Ukudla kwabo osekupakishwe kuqala kusuka kulwelwe, amakhowe, nemifino yasendle kuya emikhiqizweni yasemanzini nezinkukhu.
Uhlobo lwesithathu luhlanganisa izinkampani zokudla eziqandisiwe zendabuko ezingena endaweni yokudla okupakishwe ngaphambilini, njenge-Qianwei Central Kitchen, i-Anjoy Foods, ne-Huifa Foods.Ngokufanayo, ezinye izinkampani zokupheka zingene ekudleni osekupakiwe, njenge-Tongqinglou kanye ne-Guangzhou Restaurant, zikhiqiza izitsha zazo ezisayiniwe njengokudla osekupakishwe ngaphambili ukuze kwandiswe imali engenayo kanye nokunciphisa izindleko.
Uhlobo lwesine luhlanganisa izinkampani ezintsha zokudayisa ezifana ne-Hema Fresh, Dingdong Maicai, MissFresh, Meituan Maicai, ne-Yonghui Supermarket.Lezi zinkampani zixhumana ngokuqondile nabathengi, zihlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende ngamashaneli okuthengisa abanzi kanye nokuqashelwa okuqinile komkhiqizo, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa imisebenzi yokukhangisa ehlanganyelwe.
Lonke uchungechunge lwemboni yezokudla oselupakishiwe luhlanganisa imikhakha yezolimo ekhuphuka nomfula, ehlanganisa ukutshalwa kwemifino, imfuyo kanye nokulima emanzini, izimboni zokusanhlamvu namafutha, kanye nezinongo.Ngokusebenzisa abakhiqizi bokudla okukhethekile okupakishwe ngaphambilini, abakhiqizi bokudla okuqandisiwe, kanye nezinkampani ezihlinzeka ngempahla, imikhiqizo ithuthwa ngamaketanga abandayo kanye nokugcinwa ekuthengisweni okuya phansi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo yezolimo yendabuko, ukudla okupakishwe kusengaphambili kunenani eliphakeme elengeziwe ngenxa yezinyathelo eziningi zokucubungula, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo kwendawo kanye nokukhiqizwa okujwayelekile.Baphinde basekele ukucutshungulwa okujulile kwemikhiqizo yezolimo, kube neqhaza ekuvuselelweni kwezindawo zasemakhaya nasekuthuthukisweni komnotho.
03 Izifundazwe Eziningi Ziqhudelana Ngemakethe Yokudla Esekupakishwe Ngaphambilini
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezithiyo zokungena eziphansi, ikhwalithi yezinkampani zokudla okupakishwe kusengaphambili iyahlukahluka, okuholela ezinkingeni zekhwalithi nezokuphepha kokudla.
Uma kubhekwa uhlobo lokudla okupakishwe ngaphambilini, uma abathengi bethola ukunambitheka kungagculisi noma behlangabezana nezinkinga, inqubo yokubuyisela elandelayo kanye nokulahlekelwa okungase kube khona akuchazwa kahle.
Ngakho-ke, lo mkhakha kufanele uthole ukunakwa kohulumeni kazwelonke nowezifundazwe ukuze kusungulwe imithethonqubo eyengeziwe.
Ngo-Ephreli 2022, ngaphansi kokuqondiswa koMnyango Wezolimo Nezindaba Zasemakhaya kanye neSikhungo Sokuthuthukiswa Kokudla Okuluhlaza SaseChina, i-China Pre-packaged Meal Industry Alliance yasungulwa njengenhlangano yokuqala kazwelonke yokuzilawula kwezenhlalakahle embonini yokudla okupakishwe ngaphambilini. .Lo mfelandawonye, osekelwa ohulumeni basekhaya, izikhungo zocwaningo, nezinhlangano zocwaningo lwezomnotho, uhlose ukukhuthaza kangcono amazinga emboni nokuqinisekisa intuthuko enempilo nehlelekile.
Izifundazwe nazo zilungiselela umqhudelwano oshubile embonini yokudla osekuhlanganiswe.
I-Guangdong igqama njengesifundazwe esihamba phambili emkhakheni wokudla osekufakwe ngaphambilini.Uma kucatshangelwa ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo, isibalo sezinkampani zokudla ezipakishwe ngaphambilini, amapaki ezimboni, namazinga ezomnotho nokusetshenziswa kwawo, i-Guangdong ihamba phambili.
Kusukela ngo-2020, uhulumeni waseGuangdong uye wahola ekuhlelweni, ekulinganiseni nasekuhleleni ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokudla okupakishwe ngaphambilini ezingeni lesifundazwe.Ngo-2021, kulandela ukusungulwa kwe-Pre-packaged Meal Industry Alliance kanye nokugqugquzelwa kwe-Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Gaoyao) Pre-packaged Meal Industrial Park, i-Guangdong yabhekana nokwanda kokuthuthukiswa kokudla okupakishwe ngaphambilini.
NgoMashi 2022, “Uhlelo Olubalulekile Lokuhlukaniswa Komsebenzi Kahulumeni Wesifundazwe Ka-2022” luhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kokudla osekupakishwe ngaphambili, futhi Ihhovisi Likahulumeni Wesifundazwe lakhipha “Izinyathelo Eziyishumi Zokusheshisa Ukuthuthukiswa Kwekhwalithi Ephezulu Yemboni Yokudla Ese-Guangdong Esepakishwe Phambili.”Lo mbhalo unikeze ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo emikhakheni efana nocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa, ukuphepha kwekhwalithi, ukukhula kweqoqo lezimboni, ukutshalwa kwebhizinisi okuyisibonelo, ukuqeqeshwa kwethalente, ukwakhiwa kwezimpahla ezibandayo, ukumaketha kwemikhiqizo, kanye nohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukuze izinkampani zibambe imakethe, ukusekelwa kohulumeni basekhaya, ukwakhiwa komkhiqizo, imigudu yokumaketha, futhi ikakhulukazi ukwakhiwa kwezimpahla ezibandayo kubalulekile.
Ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo ye-Guangdong kanye nemizamo yokuthuthukisa amabhizinisi endawo mikhulu.Ukulandela i-Guangdong,
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-04-2024