Ukudla okugcwele kwangaphambili: ukukhuphuka kungazelelwe ukuthandwa
Muva nje, isihloko sokudla okugcwele phama ukungena kwezikole sekweqile ekudumeni, okwenza kube yisihloko esishisayo kwabezindaba zenhlalo. Lokhu kuvuse impikiswano enkulu, kubazali abaningi babuza ukuphepha kokudla okugcwele ngaphambili ezikoleni. Ukukhathazeka kuvela ngenxa yokuthi izingane zisesigabeni sokukhula esibalulekile, nanoma yiziphi izingqinamba zokuphepha kokudla zingakhathazeka kakhulu.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezingqinamba ezingokoqobo okufanele zicatshangelwe. Izikole eziningi zikuthola kunzima ukusebenzisa ama-cafeteria ngempumelelo futhi zivame ukwedlula ezinkampanini zokulethwa kwezidlo. Lezi zinkampani zivame ukusebenzisa amakhishi aphakathi ukuze zilungiselele futhi zilethe ukudla ngosuku olufanayo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokucatshangelwa njengezindleko, ukunambitheka okungaguquki, kanye nesivinini senkonzo, ezinye izinkampani zokulethwa kwezidingo zokudla ziqale ukusebenzisa ukudla okugcwele ngaphambili.
Ababelethi bazizwa ilungelo labo lokwazi ukwephulwa, njengoba bebengazi ukuthi izingane zabo zibe nokudla okugcwele ngaphambili kwesikhathi esengeziwe. I-Cafeterias iphikisa ukuthi azikho izingqinamba zokuphepha ngokudla kwangaphambi kokuphaphama, kungani kungadliwa?
Ngokungalindele, ukudla okuhlanganisiwe kwangaphambi kokufaka kabusha kufakwe ukuqonda komphakathi ngale ndlela.
Empeleni, ukudla okuhlanganisiwe kwangaphambilini bekulokhu kuthandwa kusukela ngonyaka owedlule. Ekuqaleni kuka-2022, amasheya omqondo wokudla ogcwele kwangaphambili abona amanani awo ahlasela imikhawulo elandelanayo. Yize kwakukhona ukudonsa okuncane, isilinganiselo sokudla okugcwele ngaphambili emikhakheni yokudlela kanye nezitolo zangaphambi kokudla ziye zandiswa. Ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kobhubhane, amasheya okudla kwangaphambi kokuhlanganiswa aqala ukukhuphuka futhi ngoMashi 2022
Ukudla okugcwele kwangaphambili kubhekelela "umnotho obuvila," wokuhlala umnotho wasekhaya, "kanye" nomnotho owodwa. " Lokhu kudla kwenziwa ngokuyinhloko emikhiqizweni yezolimo, imfuyo, izinkukhu, kanye nokudla kwasolwandle, futhi zibhekana nezinyathelo ezahlukahlukene zokugeza, futhi zibhekane nezinyathelo ezahlukahlukene zokugeza, ukuzisika, nokuzitholela ngaphambi kokukulungela ukupheka noma ukudla ngqo.
Ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kalula noma ukusebenziseka kalula kwabathengi, ukudla okuhlanganisiwe kungahlukaniswa nokudla okulungele ukudla, ukudla okulungele ukushisa, ukudla okulungiselelwe ukupheka, nokupheka okulungiselelwe. Ukudla okujwayelekile okulungele ukudla okulula kuhlanganisa i-congee yesishiyagalombili, inyama yenkomo, nezimpahla ezikheniwe ezingadliwa ngaphandle kwephakethe. Ukudla okulungele ukushisa kufaka ama-dumplings aqandisiwe namabhodwe ashisayo afudumele. Ukudla okulungiselelwe ukupheka, njenge-steak steak kanye ne-crispy ingulube, dinga ukupheka. Ukudla okulungiselelwe ukulungiselela kufaka izithako eziluhlaza eziluhlaza ezitholakala kumapulatifomu afana ne-hema entsha ne-dingdong maicai.
Lezi zidlo ezihlanganiswe ngaphambi kwesikhathi zilula, zihlukaniswe ngokufanele, futhi zithandwa ngokwemvelo phakathi kwabantu "obuvila" noma i-demographic eyodwa. Ngo-2021, imakethe yokudlela egcwele ngaphambi kwangaphambi kokuhlanganiswa kwe-China yafika e-345.9 billion RMB, futhi kungakapheli iminyaka emihlanu ezayo, kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele kusayizi wemakethe ye-RMB.
Ngaphezu kokuphela kokuthengisa, umkhakha wokudlela futhi "uthanda" ukudla okugcwele ngaphambili, afaka ama-80% wesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwemakethe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukudla kwangaphambi kokuhlanganiswa, kusetshenzwe emakhishini aphakathi nendawo futhi kuthunyelwe ezitolo ze-chain, kuhlinzeka ngesisombululo senselelo ende emile ende ekudleni kwaseChina. Njengoba zivela emgqeni ofanayo wokukhiqiza, ukunambitheka kuyavumelana.
Phambilini, amaketanga okudlela alwa nokunambitheka okungahambisani, okuvame ukuncike kumakhono wabapheki abathile. Manje, ngokudla okugcwele ngaphambili, ukunambitheka kulinganiswa, kunciphisa ithonya labapheki futhi liwaguqule babe ngabasebenzi abavamile.
Izinzuzo zokudla okuhlanganiswe kwangaphambili kubonakala, kuholele ezindaweni zokudlela ezinkulu zamaketanga ukuze zibamukele ngokushesha. Amaketanga afana ne-Ximei, iMeizhou Dongpo, neHaiziilao wonke bafake ukudla okuhlanganiswe kwangaphambi kokunikela ngeminikelo yabo.
Ngokukhula kokuthenga kweqembu kanye nemakethe yokuthatha, ukudla okugcwele ngaphambili kungena embonini yokudlela, ekugcineni kufinyelela abathengi.
Ngokufingqwa, ukudla okuhlanganisiwe kwangaphambilini kufakazele lula kwawo kanye nokukhubazeka. Njengoba imboni yokudlela iqhubeka nokukhula, ukudla okuhlanganiswe ngaphambi kokusebenza kusebenza njengesixazululo esibizayo, esisebenza ngekhwalithi.
Ukudla okuhlanganiswe kwangaphambili: namanje ulwandle oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Uma kuqhathaniswa neJapan, lapho kufakwa khona i-akhawunti yangaphambi kokuhlanganiswa kwama-60% wokusetshenziswa okuphelele kokudla, isilinganiso saseChina singaphansi kwe-10%. Ngo-2021, ukusetshenziswa kweChina nge-capita ngayinye yokudla okugcwele phama kwakungu-8.9 kg / unyaka, ngaphansi kwama-40% amaJapan.
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi ngo-2020, izinkampani eziyishumi eziphezulu embonini ye-China ezake zafakwa kwangaphambi kwemakethe, nezinkampani eziholayo ezinjenge-LVJIn ukudla, i-1,9%, kanye ne-1.8%, ngokulandelana. Ngokuphambene nalokho, imboni yokudla yaseJapan ehlanganiswe ngaphambi kokuthola isabelo semakethe esingu-64.04% ezinkampanini ezinhlanu eziphezulu ngo-2020.
Uma kuqhathaniswa neJapan, imboni yokudlela egcwele ngaphambi kwangaphambi kwangaphambi kweChina iseseyinsimini yayo, enezithiyo eziphansi zokungena nokuhlushwa kwamakethe okuphansi.
Njengomkhuba omusha wokusetshenziswa eminyakeni yamuva nje, imakethe yokudla efakwe ekhaya kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele kwi-RMB Trillion RMB. Imboni ephansi yokuhlushwa kanye nezithiyo zemakethe ephansi ziye zaheha amabhizinisi amaningi ukuze afake insimu yokudla efakwe kuqala.
Kusuka ku-2012 kuya ku-2020, inani lezinto eziphathelene nokudla eziphathelene nokudla kwangaphambilini eChina zakhula lisuka ngaphansi kuka-3,000 lize libe cishe yi-13,000, linesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esingama-21%. Kusukela ekupheleni kukaJanuwari 2022, inani lezinto izinkampani zokudla ezigcwele ngaphambili eChina lalisondele ku-70,000, libonisa ukwanda okusheshayo eminyakeni yamuva.
Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu eziphambili zabadlali ethrekhi yokudla kwangaphambi kwangaphambi kwangaphambi kokuphaphama.
Okokuqala, izinkampani zezolimo nezempi, ezixhuma izinto ezikhuphukayo ezikhuphukayo ekudleni okuphathwe ngaphambili. Izibonelo zifaka izinkampani ezisohlwini ezinjenge-Shengnong Development, ukudla kwasemanzini, kanye nokudla okude.
Lezi zinkundla ezihlanganiswe ngaphambili zifaka imikhiqizo yenkukhu, imikhiqizo yenyama ecutshungulwe, irayisi nemikhiqizo ye-noodle, nemikhiqizo ebekelwe. Izinkampani ezinjenge-Shengnong Development, Ukudla kweChunxong, kanye ne-Goolian Aquatic AKUFUNI KUPHELA IMALI YOKUGCINWA KWAMAHHALA kodwa futhi bathumele phesheya kwezilwandle.
Uhlobo lwesibili lufaka phakathi izinkampani zokudla ezikhethekile ezikhethekile zangaphambi kokugcina ukukhiqizwa ekukhiqizeni, njengokudla kwe-Weizhixiang kanye neGaishi. Ukudla kwabo okuhlanganiswe kwangaphambi kwayo kusuka ku-algae, amakhowe, nemifino yasendle emikhiqizweni yasemanzini kanye nezinkukhu.
Uhlobo lwesithathu luqukethe izinkampani zokudla zendabuko eziqandisiwe ezingena endaweni yokudla efakwe ngaphambili, njenge-QiaianWEI Central Kitchen, ukudla kwe-ANJOY, kanye nokudla kwe-HUIFA. Ngokufanayo, ezinye izinkampani zokudla ziye zangena ekudleni okugcwele ngaphambili, njengeTongQinglou kanye ne-Guangzhou yokudlela, ekhiqiza izitsha zazo zokusayina njengokudla kwangaphambi kokudla ukwandisa imali engenayo futhi kunciphise izindleko.
Uhlobo lwesine lubandakanya izinkampani ezintsha zezitolo ezifana ne-hema entsha, i-Dingdong Maicai, i-Missfresh, Meituan Maicai, kanye ne-Yonghui Supermarket. Lezi zinkampani zixhuma ngqo nabathengi, izidingo zamakhasimende ezihambisana neziteshi ezibanzi zokuthengisa kanye nokuqashelwa komkhiqizo okuqinile, kuvame ukuqinisa imisebenzi ehlanganyelwe.
Lonke imboni yokudlela egcwele ngaphambili ixhumanisa imikhakha yezolimo yezolimo, ukumboza ukulima imifino, imfuyo kanye nokulima yasemanzini, ama-rain kanye nezimboni zamafutha, kanye nokona. Ngokusebenzisa abakhiqizi bokudla abakhethekile abasebenza ngaphambili, abakhiqizi bokudla abaqandisiwe, nezinkampani zokuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo, imikhiqizo ithuthwa nge-Cold Chain Logistics kanye nesitoreji ekuthengisweni okuphansi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhiqizo yezolimo yezolimo, ukudla okuhlanganiswe kwangaphambili kunenani elingeziwe elingeziwe ngenxa yezinyathelo eziningi zokucubungula, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo kwasendaweni kanye nokukhiqizwa okujwayelekile. Baphinde babesekele ukucubungula okujulile kwemikhiqizo yezolimo, okufaka isandla ekuvuseleleni nasezindaweni ezisetshenziswayo nasekuthuthukisweni komnotho.
03 Izifundazwe eziningi zincintisana ngemakethe yokudla efakwe ngaphambili
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezithiyo eziphansi zokungena, ikhwalithi yezinkampani zokudla ezihlanganiswe kwangaphambi kwayo ziyahlukahluka, okuholela ezindabeni zekhwalithi nezokuphepha.
Njengoba kunikezwe uhlobo lokudla okugcwele ngaphambili, uma abathengi bethola ukunambitheka okungagculisi noma ukubhekana nezinkinga, inqubo yokubuyisa okulandelayo nokulahlekelwa okungaba khona akuchazwa kahle.
Ngakho-ke, le nkambu kufanele yamukele ohulumeni bakazwelonke nabesifundazwe ukuthola imithetho eminingi.
Ngo-Ephreli 2022, ngaphansi kokuholwa kwenkonzo yezolimo kanye nezindaba zasemakhaya kanye neChina Green Food Development Center, kwasungulwa i-China Pre-Past Fast Development Center, inhlangano yezokulawulwa komphakathi ye-China yasungulwa njengenhlangano yokuqala kazwelonke yomphakathi ye-National Welfare. Lo mfelandawonye, osekelwa ohulumeni basekhaya, izikhungo zokucwaninga, nezinhlangano zocwaningo lwezomnotho, izinhloso zokukhuthaza kangcono amazinga ezimboni futhi aqinisekise ukuthuthuka okunempilo nokuhlelekile.
Izifundazwe nazo zilungiselela umncintiswano onolaka embonini yokudlela egcwele ngaphambili.
UGuangdong uvelele njengesifundazwe esiholayo emkhakheni wezokudla kwangaphambi kwangaphambi kokugcwele. Uma kucatshangelwa ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo, inani lezinto izinkampani zokudla ezihlanganiswe ngaphambili, amapaki ezimboni, kanye namazinga ezomnotho kanye nokusebenzisa, iGuangdong ibheke phambili.
Kusukela ngo-2020, uhulumeni waseGuangdong uhole ukuhola ekuhlelweni kohlelo, ukuqinisa isimo, nokuhlela ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wokudla ophele kwangaphambi kokuhlanganiswa kwezifundazwe. Ngo-2021, kulandela ukusungulwa komfelandawonye wangaphambilini ohlanganiswe eMbusweni kanye nokukhuthaza indawo yokuhlala yaseGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao-Macao Macao, iGuangdong yathola ukuthuthukiswa kokudla okugcwele ngaphambili.
Ngo-Mashi 2022, uHulumeni wesiFundazwe "2022 Work Work Report Ukhiye wokudiliza Task Division" wafaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kokudla kwangaphambi kokugcwele, futhi ihhovisi likahulumeni wesifundazwe likhiphe "izinyathelo eziyishumi ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kwe-Guangdong epakishwe ngaphambi kweGuangdong." Lo mbhalo uhlinzeke ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo ezindaweni ezifana nocwaningo nentuthuko, ukuphepha kwekhwalithi, ukukhula kweqembu lezimboni, ukutshala amakhono okuyisibonelo, ukuthengisa okubandayo kwamakhono, kanye nokumaketha kwamakhaza, kanye nokumaketha kwamanje.
Izinkampani zithwebule imakethe, ukwesekwa kohulumeni basekhaya, isakhiwo somkhiqizo, iziteshi zokumaketha, ikakhulukazi ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezibandayo ze-Cold Logistics kubalulekile.
Ukuxhaswa kwenqubomgomo kaGuangdong kanye nemizamo yokuthuthukisa amabhizinisi endawo yinto enkulu. Ukulandela iGuangdong,
Isikhathi sePosi: Jul-04-2024